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Konstantin von Kaufman
Konstantin Petrovich von Kaufmann ((ロシア語:Константи́н Петро́вич фон-Ка́уфман); 2 March 1818 – 16 May 1882) was the first Governor-General of Russian Turkestan.
==Early life==
His family was Austrian in origin, but had been in the service of the Tsars for over 100 years, and had long since converted to Orthodoxy. Kaufman graduated from Nikolayev Engineering Institute, now Military Engineering-Technical University (Russian Военный инженерно-технический университет), as a military engineer. Von Kaufman entered the military engineering field in 1838, served in the campaigns in the Caucasus, was promoted to the rank of colonel, and commanded the sappers at the siege of Kars in 1855. On the capitulation of Kars he was deputed to settle the terms with General William Fenwick Williams.
In 1861, he became director-general of engineers at the War Office, assisting Count Dmitry Milyutin, the Minister of War, in the reorganization of the army. Promoted lieutenant general in 1864, he was nominated adjutant-general and Governor of the military conscription of Vilna, where at that time the Tsarist state had begun a policy of expropriating the Polish aristocracy in an attempt to break its influence in the countryside.
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